代孕历史
Having another woman bear a child for a couple to raise, usually with the male half of the couple as the genetic father, is referred to in antiquity. For example, the book of Genesis relates the story of Sarah's servant Hagar bearing a child to Abraham for Sarah and Abraham to raise.
Attorney Noel Keane is generally recognized as the creator of the legal idea of surrogate motherhood. However, it was not until he developed an association with physician Warren J. Ringold in the city of Dearborn, Michigan that the idea became feasible. Dr. Ringold agreed to perform all of the artificial inseminations, and the clinic grew rapidly in the early part of 1981. Though Keane and Ringold were widely criticized by some members of the press and politicians, they continued and eventually advocated for the passage of laws that protected the idea of surrogate motherhood. Bill Handel, who is a partner in a Los Angeles, Surrogacy firms, also attempted to have such laws passed in California, but his attempts were struck down in the State Congress. Presently, the idea of surrogate motherhood has gained some societal acceptance and laws protecting the contractual arrangements exist in eight states.[2]
In the United States, the issue of surrogacy was widely publicised in the case of Baby M, in which the surrogate and biological mother of Melissa Stern ("Baby M"), born in 1986, refused to cede custody of Melissa to the couple with whom she had made the surrogacy agreement. The courts of New Jersey eventually awarded custody to Melissa's biological father William Stern and his wife Elizabeth Stern, rather than to the surrogate Mary Beth Whitehead.
评论
great
discount canon ink cartridges [url=http://flexcursion.ning.com/profiles/blogs/cheap-canon-ink-cartridges#17923]discount canon ink cartridges[/url] http://flexcursion.ning.com/profiles/blogs/cheap-canon-ink-cartridges#17923 compatible canon ink cartridges adelaide, hp ink cartridges cheap [url=http://flexcursion.ning.com/profiles/blogs/buy-coupons-for-hp-ink#43148]hp ink cartridges cheap[/url] http://flexcursion.ning.com/profiles/blogs/buy-coupons-for-hp-ink#43148 i want to buy a bundle of empty hp ink cartridges, tramadol or ultram withdrawal syndr [url=http://flexcursion.ning.com/profiles/blogs/buy-cheap-tramadol-online#26462]tramadol or ultram withdrawal syndr[/url] http://flexcursion.ning.com/profiles/blogs/buy-cheap-tramadol-online#26462 tramadol serotonin syndrome, effexor xr withdrawal [url=http://flexcursion.ning.com/profiles/blogs/zoloft-vs-effexor#16437]effexor xr withdrawal[/url] http://flexcursion.ning.com/profiles/blogs/zoloft-vs-effexor#16437 effexor teen, best price epson stylus photo ink cartridges t007 and t008 [url=http://flexcursion.ning.com/profiles/blogs/epson-cx7400-ink-cartridges#26346]best price epson stylus photo ink cartridges t007 and t008[/url] http://flexcursion.ning.com/profiles/blogs/epson-cx7400-ink-cartridges#2... epson cx6000 ink cartridges,
great
best user rated reliable canon ink cartridges [url=http://flexcursion.ning.com/profiles/blogs/cheap-canon-ink-cartridges#46340]best user rated reliable canon ink cartridges[/url] http://flexcursion.ning.com/profiles/blogs/cheap-canon-ink-cartridges#46340 canon ink cartridges gold connectors, epson photo rx590 series what ink cartridges are compatible [url=http://flexcursion.ning.com/profiles/blogs/epson-cx7400-ink-cartridges#28514]epson photo rx590 series what ink cartridges are compatible[/url] http://flexcursion.ning.com/profiles/blogs/epson-cx7400-ink-cartridges#2... replacement ink cartridges for epson, ultram tramadol online [url=http://flexcursion.ning.com/profiles/blogs/buy-cheap-tramadol-online#13450]ultram tramadol online[/url] http://flexcursion.ning.com/profiles/blogs/buy-cheap-tramadol-online#13450 cod accepted orders for tramadol, effexor and paxil [url=http://flexcursion.ning.com/profiles/blogs/zoloft-vs-effexor#42859]effexor and paxil[/url] http://flexcursion.ning.com/profiles/blogs/zoloft-vs-effexor#42859 effexor price, tramadol buy online best price [url=http://flexcursion.ning.com/profiles/blogs/cheap-tramadol-prescriptions#21642]tramadol buy online best price[/url] http://flexcursion.ning.com/profiles/blogs/cheap-tramadol-prescriptions#... weaning tramadol,
Phentermine
SFUpFr Phentermine dGWqS Ultram eQEXs
tIdcqMyjCNaeHN
comment5, Cialis, doxycycline 100mg, buy adipex, Levitra, after clomid i i ovulate stop taking will, can decongestant i use zithromax, Phentermine,
tIdcqMyjCNaeHN
comment5, Cialis, doxycycline 100mg, buy adipex, Levitra, after clomid i i ovulate stop taking will, can decongestant i use zithromax, Phentermine,
qMbQJcepCHu
comment4, online physicians cialis, Oracea, adipex physician, clomid ovulation, book buy, pak z zithromax, phentermine.com,
IVUZYUPOSnQaRoBqzYO
comment2, cialis online online, doxycycline for acne treatment, Adipex, levitra gamecube online games, Clomid, Zithromax, Phentermine,
Xanax online
iZTeASs Xanax online 7996 Ambien >:-OOO Cheap Valium bXMtOy
MgXTJicDcIPlipHT
comment4, hårförslust, acomplia, Tamiflu, reductil, köpa levitra, sluta röka, prozac, cialis, viagra, smärtlindring,, xenical,
MgXTJicDcIPlipHT
comment4, hårförslust, acomplia, Tamiflu, reductil, köpa levitra, sluta röka, prozac, cialis, viagra, smärtlindring,, xenical,
xtCaXnOCMyCYfYj
comment6, zimulti, best ltc insurance, auto insurance.com,, met life insurance, cipro, propecia, cialis,
AkqBVXXaKZoaGWg
comment6, doxycycline.com, ltc insurance, auto insurance wisconsin, life term insurance, order propecia express, lowest car insurance, cialis,
qoiwrummlDFuxUlI
comment3, cheapest reductil, bactrim side effects, health insurance, cialis kaufen.pagina.de link, valium, viagra, rimonabant online no prescription, dosaging for levaquin, acomplia online order, female spray viagra, phentermine 37 5mg, klonopin, fluconazole, aspirin, buy cialis,
qoiwrummlDFuxUlI
comment3, cheapest reductil, bactrim side effects, health insurance, cialis kaufen.pagina.de link, valium, viagra, rimonabant online no prescription, dosaging for levaquin, acomplia online order, female spray viagra, phentermine 37 5mg, klonopin, fluconazole, aspirin, buy cialis,
SyKMzpTUEkPo
comment5, auto insurance commission, cialis, doxycycline online, prednisone side effects in dog, erythromicyn erythromycin, met life insurance, acomplia aventis sanofi, rimonabant, georgia accutane law suits, Lipitor, cheapest phentermine online, tetracyclines,
NMwkrogUUwJXgBeMF
comment3, Phentermine, female viagra, allopurinol 90 pills, bactrim, generic cialis, Prednisone, metformin, soma collection dining, viagra super active 30 pills, female uk viagra,
DhopZyTMaitINBt
comment5, buy cialis online, antabuse, valium, allegra mira, Levaquin, diazepam illegal, klonopin toxic, homemade aspirin,
Viagra
NBUYAH Viagra =-] Cheap Cialis BNvCT
IMieQAndXsMyYDDBe
comment3, drug female new viagra, cialis, acomplia cheapest online, Viagra, 26 diflucan monistat, accutane attorneys, diet pill rimonabant, accutane lawyer, Phentermine, amoxil, levitra online,
MzisdsBJXaLX
comment2, cymbalta cost, allopurinol.com, and Atridox, d nolvadex, soma, xenical, buy diflucan onlne, rimoslim, valtrex online cheap, riobant,
MCkRSNyXswVuWQxV
tthedi famvir valtrex jiv clonazepam anti anxiety >:(( no prescription carisoprodol :-DDD zopiclone 8))) inderal giej no prescription inderal 523 order fosamax 49265 buy retin a =O xanax no prescription 8291 retin jawo online viagra :-(( klonopin dosage =DD azythromycin flu roche vali =( cheap online cialis 621 klonopin 310907 zithromax cfpc causes of ed hpcqk antibiotics and yeast infections 8187 rimonabant %]] buy phentermine 407796 valium ktcain ambiencr %[[[ alprazolan tst zolpidem tartrate 27237 cipro antibiotic bzjo lunesta auz prescription meridia 638 phentermine d 6078 purchase prozac 0072 adipex p capsule nhflk terbinafine 7494 order retin a ilubq buy meridia >:[ cheap alendronate 915
SSXBngfwsSqtAb
comment6, buy cymbalta, cialis, phentermine, adipex-p, female spray viagra, buy cialis, allegra d, soma discount code, xenical mexico prescriptions, rimonabant online, Nallpen, acomplia amp phentermine diet pills, rimonabant,
ZslGyFFHKjozwYyFrL
ousyou klonopin dnnawd vardenafil 8-]] online drugstore %-[[ buy sibutramine :(( cialis 8-PPP no prescription reductil 67817 viagra generic yog buy ambien =((( cheap metronidazole 005404 buy lamisil qjcvf buy generic viagra 507 purchase retin-a 7392 buy cialis %OOO impotence causes %-]] zythromax 12358 buy lorazepam 776 diflucan 150 mg 37698 zimulti 180084 no prescription fosamax >:((( diflucan 50mg esmok prozac jkv valium arexs alendronate dpoj online pharmacy broker sites liq meridia zojg phentermine %-) prozac online 83948 levitra %((( buy flagyl 453775 no prescription zithromax 76530 flagyl 216 order meridia =-DDD oxazepam spxhe buy meridia weua ed treatments :-DDD valtrex online 81828
qggptBRucVACdbXo
twhile vardenafil 884 tadalafil 08322 klonopin 8DD carisoprodol cod 97110 adipex generic :]] buy ambien 8-DDD online klonopin ktrx order phentermine 73970 cipro antibiotic %) buy klonopin 112629 adipex =-[ lamictal 86065 alprozolam 017229 ativan =-[[[ buy fluoxetine 279 ambien >:[[ phentermine 37.5mg gaad ativan lorazepam %-))) adipex no prescription dshiy ambien 76635 order meridia 6575 online pharmacy cialis 27422 buy flagyl :-PPP generic zithromax wlm prozac online 8-[[ buy generic viagra :[ acomplia sdomxv rimonabant 0930 list of all antibiotics xjj buy phentermine vmmxi order alprazolam sis adipex without prescription 926393 adipex p 8 mg rji purchase terbinafine rwwwzt order meridia =-PPP buy lasix 60177 zyprexa 8) ativan withdrawal =-[
IKUdCZkzbfTZldoM
comment6, philippine health insurance, goodyear allegra, doxycycline 100mg, zolpidem ambien, soma, cheap nonprescription viagra, xenical severe side effects, lipitor danger side effects, 2005 female january period summary viagra, zimulti.com,,
cOoJGlcsfhRqOCWUuZI
prices sertraline hydrochloride fufqvr tramadol :(( carisoprodol online unbqs ativan pills >:-)) no prescription reductil 017077 prozac ofp xanax %]]] buy cialis vyqqx buy meridia pjv ativan without prescription %D allopurinol 204939 retin a xbfxk doxycycline 8630 buy diazepam %-)) exelon :-DD soma without prescription 727895 buy lorazepam 05010 no prescription zithromax 871850 lorazepam hhskc ativan drug mec generic flagyl =P buy zithromax buy phentermine hcl glglwg ciallis 8-[[[ xanax withdrawal 421 antidepressant fluoxetine 8-DD diflucan 374 alprazalam %-D generic prozac bas no prescription meridia =O list of antibiotics drugs pjcc cheap phentermine vzw generic lasix weqbxg carisoprodol 95723 lorazepam 800 on line pharmacy zqqp fluoxetine hcl >:OOO
FQUoecWGmXi
comment4, where to get doxycycline, whole life insurance, cipro 500mg, propecia baldness, 50 car insurance, riobant, ltc insurance quote, auto insurance, health insurance comparison, cialis super active 20mg,
xkXRqACkeNVyDV
comment4, doxycycline effects liver, life insurance, cipro problem vision, propecia, car insurance jokes, zimulti, discount auto insurance, ltc insurance, student health insurance, cialis super active 90 pills,
gnTfbzLEAtcY
comment6, levitra.com, 2003 cialis levitra market sales viagra, baclofen 25mg, allopurinol online, retin-a, auto insurance, doxycycline, buy cialis, xanax and caffeine, propecia.com, order acomplia online, levaquin joint aches, accutane and ibs, called drug female new viagra, Diazepam, elizabeth wurtzel prozac nation, cytotec online,
nIBYIXSJXGuFhqvaN
comment1, reductil, Tramadol, doxycycline used, cialis mg purchase, clomid, cialis, valium during pregnancy, hotel allegra in chicago, prednisone, Nexium, cheap valtrex, diflucan, buy prozac, buy levitra online, ayercillin,
OzwGQIdsUOtaPG
comment3, buy reductil, buy cialis, doxycycline hyclate, allegra, metformin interactions, doxycycline.com, ambien interactions, snort ultram, accutane, Female Viagra, soft pill cialis,
GfrTmQubMjTGKLEiRn
comment6, antabuse no online prescription, ultram generic, ambien high, zimulti, medication called lexapro, Clomid, discount phentermine, adipex-p 37.5 online prescription, buy allegra, levitra, cialis mg purchase, xenical testimonies,
dNppVpJmEnAUleI
comment2, Doxycycline, Nexium, diflucan for oral thrush, cialis 10 mg, erythromycin pregnancy, Doxycycline, drug klonopin, clomid conception, buy retin-a, bactrim, Zithromax, lipitor manufacturer, online allopurinol sale, phentermine no prescription, xenical,
txcmVWCReXi
comment1, buy xanax, breast erythromycin milk, soma, Doxycycline, alprazolam withdrawal, effects levaquin side, order tetracycline, phentermine, buy acomplia rimonabant online, levitra fda,
KmMjbvdqLEi
comment3, propecia buy on line, antabuse, cialis, lexapro and bipolar disorder, levaquin kidney infection, Adipex, cognitive lipitor, Cialis,
HItoqbGdzQZByylAPvE
comment5, cialis, zolpidem tartrate 10mg, acomplia rimonabant it, Metformin, generic cialis, cymbalta, cialis levitra viagra, avodart cialis clomid diflucan dostinex glucophage, cialis genuinerx.net viagra, Klonopin, generic lexapro, Clomid, baclofen, cancer cytotechnology have hospital in job research that us, acomplia pill, Levitra, buy meridia, female viagra, Diazepam,
HItoqbGdzQZByylAPvE
comment5, cialis, zolpidem tartrate 10mg, acomplia rimonabant it, Metformin, generic cialis, cymbalta, cialis levitra viagra, avodart cialis clomid diflucan dostinex glucophage, cialis genuinerx.net viagra, Klonopin, generic lexapro, Clomid, baclofen, cancer cytotechnology have hospital in job research that us, acomplia pill, Levitra, buy meridia, female viagra, Diazepam,
wcgdMoaCSlUDHJiSA
comment2, Zolpidem, diflucan.com, metformin hcl, dog xanax, cialis.com, Klonopin, adipex diet, fluclox, baclofen drug effects side, bactrim ds dosage, case studies diazepam,
YKcytSeiAduDu
comment4, order cialis online, Cymbalta, five foot thick prozac, valium overnight, cipro, adipex without a prescrption, viagra.com, impotence lipitor, mobic aspirin, 2005 female january period summary viagra,
Buy Viagra online
dlPyHBI Buy Viagra online >:]] Buy Cialis 4016
PKELpMxEsOLblbsLoi
comment1, Ultram, nexium, buy zolpidem, buy klonopin, acomplia, prednisone drug, order phentermine,
jYgWCtLYvk
comment2, cheap antabuse, ambien, Cialis, erythromycin eye ointment, cialis for sale, soma street drug, Zimulti, cheap baclofen, rimonabant, valtrex online, allopurinol.com, diazepam brand name,
XESdYqxccJwM
comment2, Ambien, zolpidem side affects, acomplia news, cymbalta use, buy soma cod, cheapest reductil, buy alprazolam, levaquin, phentermine 37 5mg, Adipex, crushing zithromax, Lipitor,
MuraDnWDqmq
comment3, discount generic cialis, diflucan 90 pills, cialis.com, zythromax and erythromycin, cialis, cialis discount, Soma, diflucan without prescription, klonopin wikipedia, Lexapro, Clomid, allegra manufacturer, viagra online, zithromax and pregnancy, Cialis, Xenical,
fPJwIdGXzh
comment5, what is zolpidem, propranolol hydrochloride, soma, Novamoxin, acomplia.com, buy baclofen, acomplia.com, buy levitra online, prednisone, meridia.com, buy diazepam, xenical substitute, rimonabant for sale,
WjqPUYBwnJqUbbv
comment3, Antabuse, doxycycline hyclate use, accutane forum, Xanax, duac topical erythromycin ethylsuccinate interaction, Adipex, diflucan, remonabent, smoking klonopin, lexapro, clomid 50 mg, buy allegra, amoxil, retin-a, coptin, accutane 30 pills, buy meridia, middot middotfemale viagra, components of xenical,
AismPVjCtuX
comment3, Nexium, metformin, Xanax, Cymbalta, alcoholism antabuse treatment, Cialis, Soma, reductil, Phentermine, levaquin and alcohol, adipex no prescrption no membership, septra suspension, low cost viagra, Levitra, female viagra 60 pills, nolvadex.com, diazepam online,
GXVZoKsgubFRhUyjFy
comment2, Ultram, Vibra-Tabs, inderal adverse effects propranolol, Zimulti, lexapro.com, alprazolam buy, phentermine, prescription adipex, allegra.com, viagra professional 60 pills, como usar cytotec, Tramadol, valtrex, Cialis, Phentermine, rimonabant 20mg,
GXVZoKsgubFRhUyjFy
comment2, Ultram, Vibra-Tabs, inderal adverse effects propranolol, Zimulti, lexapro.com, alprazolam buy, phentermine, prescription adipex, allegra.com, viagra professional 60 pills, como usar cytotec, Tramadol, valtrex, Cialis, Phentermine, rimonabant 20mg,
GXVZoKsgubFRhUyjFy
comment2, Ultram, Vibra-Tabs, inderal adverse effects propranolol, Zimulti, lexapro.com, alprazolam buy, phentermine, prescription adipex, allegra.com, viagra professional 60 pills, como usar cytotec, Tramadol, valtrex, Cialis, Phentermine, rimonabant 20mg,